Child Protection And Safety Act - 3046 Words

Running Head: Adam Walsh Child Protection and Safety Act of 2006 1 Adam Walsh Child Protection and Safety Act of 2006 10 Adam Walsh Child Protection and Safety Act of 2006 Natasha R. Dixon Durham Technical Community College: Durham, N.C. Abstract In recent years, policymakers and parents of missing, abducted and slain children have demanded action against the growing problem of pedophiles in the United States. This literature examines one of the most controversial child safety acts passed in U.S. history. The paper will introduce to you how the child safety act started, the most controversial part of the act, the constitutional challenges the act faces; and the rationale behind the child safety act. This topic was of most†¦show more content†¦(history.com) John and his wife Reve’ immediately channeled their grief into helping others and protecting children from child predators, preventing attacks against children, and bringing child predators to justice. In 1984, as they helped to pass The Missing Children’s Act of 1982 and The Missing Children’s Assistance Act of 1984. In 1983, The Adam Walsh story was made into an NBC television movie called, Adam. In 2006, former President George W. Bush signed into law the Adam Walsh Child Protection and Safety Act of 2006 (â€Å"Walsh Act†) â€Å"The Walsh Act is a recent addition to an array of federal programs designed to combat sexual violence and child exploitation in America. Its stated purposes are to protect children from sexual exploitation and violent crime, to prevent child abuse and child pornography, to promote Internet safety, and to honor the memory of Adam Walsh and other child crime victims.† (President Signs Adam Walsh Child Protection and Safety Act. (n.d.). PsycEXTRA Dataset. doi:10.1037/e426372008-004) Title I Title I of the Adam Walsh Child Protection and Safety Act of 2006 was established as The Sex Offender Registration and Notification Act (‘SORNA’)[footnoteRef:1] and received the most media attention because it expanded the National Sex Offender Registry nationally and established sanctions up to a maximum of twenty years for sex offenders who do not comply with the laws registration requirements. (Zgoba, K., Ragbir, D. (2016). [1:Show MoreRelatedThe State Law Enforcement Agency1055 Words   |  5 Pageswith ten days. Verification forms must be signed and the person must report they still reside at the same address last reported to the state law enforcement agency. Failure to mail the verification form within ten days results in a violation of the act unless the person is able to prove their address has not changed (statute). Convicted offenders who must register are required to comply until â€Å"ten years have elapsed† since they have been released from prison, paroled, given supervised release orRead MoreEssay about Adam Walsh Act1155 Words   |  5 PagesAdam Walsh Act. The case of six-year old Adam Walsh is perhaps one that will never leave the minds of anyone initially horrified by its details. In 1981 young Adam was kidnapped from a local mall and regardless of tireless efforts by his parents John and Reve Walsh, volunteers, and law enforcement; Adam fell victim to murder. Two weeks after the boy went missing, his decapitated head was located, but his body was never found. This prompted his father John Walsh to start a campaign and legislatureRead MoreIdentify and Respond to Children and Young People at Risk of Harm1159 Words   |  5 Pages1. List the observations that together indicate possible ‘risk of significant harm’ Risk of harm is the indication that the child may suffer physical, emotional, and psychological harm because of neglect by the parent or guardian responsible for his care. In Jamelle’s case, indication includes physical signs like; †¢ Various large bruises †¢ Smelling strong urine stale †¢ Dirty and unwashed skin †¢ Lack of fresh changing clothes †¢ Vomiting †¢ Bloodshot eyes †¢ Psychological l problems suchRead More Missing Children Essay1100 Words   |  5 Pagesfor child crime offenders. â€Å"The murder transformed John Walshs life, turning him from a middle-class hotel marketing executive into one of countrys best known advocates for missing children† (Thomas, 2008). In this paper, the initial legislative policy signed into law by President George W. Bush and the current policy addition initiative sought by Mr. Walsh is examined. The Scope of the Initiative With the signing of the initial policy by President Bush in 2006, the Adam Walsh Child ProtectionRead MoreThe Positive Effects Of Employment On Lowering Recidivism1344 Words   |  6 Pagesfirst subjected to federal registration laws with the passage of the 1994 Jacob Wetterling Crimes Against Children and Sexually Violent Offender Act. In 1996, Megan’s Law was passed, which required states to post the sex offender registry online and to conduct community notification. Finally, in 2006 the Adam Walsh Child Protection and Child Safety Act was passed, which required all states to follow strict guidelines regarding registration and community notification requirements. Employment and RecidivismRead MoreChild Protection Laws For Adam Walsh1855 Words   |  8 Pagesgame assuming her child would be okay while she was only going to be a few aisles away from her son. She told her Adam where she would be and would return in a few minutes to pick him up, gave him a kiss and rushed to find the lamps she was looking for. Unfortunately upon her return Adam would not be where Reve had left him and to her dismay she would never see her son alive again. Child protection laws prior to Adam Walsh were very limited on who can be near a child or if a child was killed thereRead MoreIdentify the Current Legislation, Guidelines, Policies and Procedures for Safeguarding the Welfare of Children and Young People.1051 Words   |  5 Pagespeople. These are as follows: †¢ Children’s act 1098/2004 †¢ Education act 2002 †¢ E-safety 2008 †¢ Safeguarding †¢ Human rights act. And many more. The following is an outline of current legislation, guidelines, policies and procedures within the UK Home Nation for Safeguarding Children. The United Nations Convention on the rights of a child 1989 was approved by the UK on the 16th December 1991, this includes: †¢ Children’s rights to protection from abuse. †¢ The rights to express their viewsRead MoreSafeguarding the Welfare of Children and Young People1406 Words   |  6 Pagesday work with young children (1.3) The Children act 1989 The aim of this act is to simplify the laws that are already in place, which protect children and young people in the UK. It was seen as a â€Å"serious shake up† of children’s rights and protection, and also made it clear what the duties are for all who work with children and young people and how they should work as a team in the event of a child abuse allegation. The Education act 2002 The Early Years Foundation Stage (EYFS) worksRead MorePrinciples for Implementing Duty of Care in Health Social Care or Childrens and Young Peoples Settings1247 Words   |  5 Pagesfraught with unreasonable risk of danger | | |to others. Early years settings owe a duty of care to take reasonable care to ensure that their acts or omissions do not | | |cause reasonably foreseeable injury to the children in their care. | | |Section 40 of the Child care Act 2006 ensures Early Years settings implement the Legislative Framework of the Early Years | | |foundation Stage. It is this that imposes a dutyRead MoreLegal and Ethical Issues in Childcare1392 Words   |  6 Pagesthe relevant government agency that deals with child protection in your state – South Australia. The South Australia Department for Families and Communities (DFC) is responsible for child protection among other things. (COAG) Families SA runs the Child Abuse Report Line on 131 478. The Report Line is the focal point where all child protection concerns are to be reported. There are three teams in operation during these times. 1) The standard Child Abuse Report Line team is made up of social workers

Sample of Auditor Report Free Essays

NALGA National Association of Local Government Auditors NALGA Peer Review Committee 1220 SW Fifth Ave. , Room 120 Portland, OR 97204 (503) 823-3542 October 27, 2000 Mr. Ronald A. We will write a custom essay sample on Sample of Auditor Report or any similar topic only for you Order Now Coen, Director Fairfax County Internal Audit Office Fairfax, Virginia 22035 Mr. Coen: We have completed an external quality control review of the Fairfax County Internal Audit Office for audits initiated during the period July 1, 1999 through June 30, 2000. In conducting our review, we followed the standards and guidelines contained in the NALGA Quality Control Review Guide published in May 1995, by the National Association of Local Government Auditors. As prescribed by the NALGA Guide, we reviewed the internal quality control system of your audit organization and evaluated a sample of audits conducted by your office for compliance with government auditing standards issued by the Comptroller General of the United States. Due to variance in individual performance and judgment, compliance does not imply adherence to standards in every case, but does imply adherence in most situations. We have concluded from our review that your system of internal quality control is suitably designed and provides reasonable assurance that applicable government auditing standards are followed in your audit work. We have also concluded from the sample of audits evaluated that your quality controls worked effectively and that audits were conducted in conformance with applicable standards during the period reviewed. It is our opinion that the Internal Audit Office of the County of Fairfax Virginia was in compliance with government auditing standards during the period reviewed. We have prepared a separate management letter which provides additional details on the work performed and suggestions for further strengthening of your system of internal quality control. ___________________ Drew Harmon Assistant Municipal Auditor City of Roanoke __________________ James Pell Senior Auditor City of Richmond __________________ Ned Smith Senior Auditor Chesterfield County How to cite Sample of Auditor Report, Papers

Disadvantages Cloud Computing For Business -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Questions: What Are The Key Advantages And Disadvantages Of Using Cloud Computing In Business? How Far The Existing Literature Successfully Inform About The Various Facets Of Cloud Computing? What Are The Ways In Which Cloud Computing Impact On Business Management? What Are The Key Gaps In Existing Literature In Cloud Computing? What Are The Key Advantages And Disadvantages Of Using Cloud Computing In Business? How Far The Existing Literature Successfully Inform About The Various Facets Of Cloud Computing? What Are The Ways In Which Cloud Computing Impact On Business Management? What Are The Key Gaps In Existing Literature In Cloud Computing? Answers: Introduction Innovation leads to higher productivity and today web is identified as the root to achieve higher productivity and thus enhance business in a strategic way powered by the cloud technology. Cloud computing enhances scope of handling and using data in a systematic way by allowing multiple users to handle data as and when needed from the cloud. Data today is stored in cloud instead of the employee computer that used to limit access to important resources. With cloud technology today anyone could access the information and make contribution in the project and enhance the quality of work. For examples, it helps sharing the data during the course of the development and hence no longer the document needs to be sent for revision or review. As the document is stored in the cloud it could be accessed and evaluated during the development period and hence co-workers and seniors could edit the web-based document and create a quality project in a systematic way (Cloud Computing and Its Advantages, 2016). Thus, cloud provides scope for extensive flexibility and data control. Cloud allows the administrator to manage the applications in the most effective way and employees could use services properly. Though cloud computing enhance data control and offers flexibility in usage and allows companies to outsource data through internet connection. Since Cloud is one of the most commonly used technologies of the century the research here aims studying the various applications of cloud, with special focus on studying and understanding different advantages as well as disadvantages of cloud computing for business organisation. The researcher has studied extensively from several scholarly research papers, books and journals and discussed various facets of cloud computing in a defined way (Avram, 2014). Project Objective After underpinning the aim of the study the following objectives could be identified that will act as the guideline of the research study and assist in completing the investigation in a chronological manner. To study and understand key advantages of cloud computing in business To shed a light on various disadvantages of using cloud computing in business To understand various models and theories of cloud computing To explore the future of cloud computing in business Project Scope Though cloud computing is user friendly and enhances overall performance level of the company, it is not free from complication and impediments. Hence, it is essential for business enterprises to understand the way cloud computing functions in a particular set up. The research paper here emphasises of determining various key concepts of cloud computing and also underpin similarities amidst resources (Bhowmik, 2017). A thorough research shall be carried out to ensure proper understanding of the topic and appropriate evaluation of research objectives as mentioned above. Primary Question What are the ways in which the issue could be handled in future and help companies improve the use of cloud technology and enhance performance in a cost effective way? Literature Review As far as the literature review or qualitative data evaluation is concerned on the topic that has been carried out separately, it may be underpinned here after studying from the respective journal analysis, that cloud technology influences a business in both positive and negative manner. Several researchers further identified cloud as a technology that helps in computing advanced data management work without making additional investment in specialised hard and software. Hence, small and mid-sized business as studied in the articles published by (Buyya, Vecchiola and Selvi, 2013) could easily save money from additional investment in infrastructure and set up. Companies could easily use several devices and improve data accessibility as well as storage and management system. It is further discussed that service providers offers various opportunities for data management. They provide businesses with well-designed data storage platform so that adequate amount of data may be stored and man aged accordingly. This is a diverse and effective concept (Williams, 2010). After conducting an empirical study of the topic it has been understood that the approach of cloud computing is not free from limitations. Hence though it offers several benefits to a business, such as flexibility, cost reduction, software update, agility, scalability, yet there are various issues that lead to business risk and loss of data due to unexpected attacks. The analysis here also presents different types of attack those impacts on the performance of cloud (Breeding, 2012). On studying the collated data it is evident that since cloud is a recent phenomenon, the analyst has successfully collected information from recently published journals and articles or books and research paper on the same topic. Though the researcher has carried out a considerable amount of study and collected information from various sources, yet there is a dearth in the research as only a handful number of recent researchers have conducted the study. Since this is not a traditional topic, in-depth analysis on the issue is unavailable and researchers rarely got scopes of referring to previously published articles on the topic, instead they managed to conduct critical analysis and in-depth evaluation based on the data collected (Buyya, Vecchiola and Selvi, 2013). re and help companies improve the use of cloud technology and enhance performance in a cost effective way? Hypothesis: H1 : cloud computing has business benefits H2: Cloud computing improves business management and reduces overall expense Research Design and Methodology In this section of the proposal the methodology is identified where key techniques and tools of conduction of the research is discussed so as to complete the study in a defined manner. Researcher here studies different methods and also understands key approaches, design, and data collection method to identify ways in which the research may be completed in a proper way. The discussion on cloud computing and its impact on business management is hence carried out by considering various aspects like several key tools and techniques, research methods, sample size, validity of data and ethical issues. This study report on cloud computing has adopted qualitative method and then followed a thorough analysis of impact of cloud on business. In order to conduct such a study the researcher has applied inclusion and exclusion criteria and collected relevant information on cloud computing and advantages of using the innovation (Chandra and Sharma, 2013). This part of the analysis hence envisages several methodologies that are used in completing the study. The area however focuses on understanding, identification and recognition as well as collection of specific information and the design of the analysis. Research Philosophy: There are different types of Research Philosophies that aim at exploring the application of knowledge in the respective study on advantages of using cloud in business operations. As delineated in the diagram above, there are three main types of philosophies, positivism, phenomenology and realism. These are generally applied in research works. In the Positivism philosophy the researcher emphasises on collecting facts in the first and then conduct the research study by evaluating two sets of distinct factors one against the other. On the other hand Realism Philosophy is about feeling of senses in which there is a dearth in real time existence and thus a need for rational judgement of human mind is needed. Phenomenology is strictly about discriminating people as per the presence of social factors (Kothari and Garg, 2016). In this particular report on cloud computing the analyst has selected positivism philosophy and would hence collect primary and secondary data for proper evaluation and analysis. Both qualitative and quantitative data will be accumulated during the course of the data collection and will also study from several academic sources and previously research works to present a critical understanding of the topic. The positivism approach is very specific in nature and the conclusion is drawn in a scientific way based on facts. Besides this, there is little scope for imagination in the research process (Chandra and Sharma, 2013). Research Approach: There are mainly two types of research approaches Inductive and Deductive Approach Deductive approach has been selected here with the positivism philosophy in this report on cloud computing and its role in business management. Since the researcher is not developing any new theory, instead exploring the existing models and studying from available resources the deductive approach is more suitable here. The analyst will also focus on studying from several scholarly literature, books and other sources and critically analyse them. On the other hand collection of primary data shall improve the study and create a platform for conducting comparison and validation of theories. With the help of deductive approach the researcher also presents the data in graphical and statistical manner. Thus, deductive approach is suitable in the respective study (Jha, 2008). There are two types of research methods, namely Qualitative and Quantitative methods of researching. Qualitative method: Research method helps in accomplishing the end result of the study in a systematic way. Methodology in research work is a continuous process that adapts to the need of the particular study and emphasises on improving the quality of the research and enables the researcher with support to complete the search in a proper way. According to (Lancaster, 2012), Qualitative Research is a viable mode of investigation and has been used where there is a need for the conduction of empirical study. A Qualitative researcher ideally analysis and synthesises historical data and presents it from a critical perspective. Qualitative research is generally exploratory in nature and is applied to gain a clear understanding of specific underlying reasons, motivations as well as opinions. This qualitative approach provides a clear insight about the problem and helps in developing ideas or hypothesis for the particular qualitative research. The Quantitative data helps in giving a right direction to the analysis segment of the research work. Quantitative is usually the primary data that has been collected by circulating the questionnaire among the respondents. This information is represented on spread sheet for evaluation and proper study. In this research work the analyst would Quantitative method for evaluation and study. The quantitative approach will be applied in primary data collection process while the qualitative data will be collected by studying from secondary sources (Chandra and Sharma, 2013). Research Design The research design is identified based on the aim and objectives of the study. There are ideally three main types of research designs, namely Explanatory, Descriptive and Exploratory. Both Explanatory and Exploratory that used in researchers that lacks in a set of formal research aim and objectives and the researcher does not possess sufficient information on the topic. Descriptive design however is used in constructive research works where there is a distinguished set of objectives as well as hypothesis and questions. Descriptive research usually answers questions like what, how, when, where and who (Kothari and Garg, 2016). The research on advantages of cloud computing in business here is well structured and has a formal set of aim, objectives and hypothesis. Hence the Descriptive design is suitable here for conduction of the study in a structured as well as formal manner. This approach here offers scope of conducting in-depth analysis on the topic and reliable as well as valid information could be collected for completing the investigation in a proper way. The study is also limited by time line and is expected to be completed within the respective deadline. Under Descriptive Design format the researcher also gets the scope of evaluating a huge amount of primary data and evaluates and analyse as per the need of the study. Hence the particular design is suitable here (Chandra and Sharma, 2013). Research Instrument The researcher will collect both primary and secondary data to complete the investigation in a systematic way. The collection of both Primary and Secondary data will give a proper dimension to the study and enable the researcher to present the analysis from two distinct perspectives. Primary Data: Primary data is those data that was never published before and was collected first time for the purpose of the particular research study. The primary data is collected by circulating questionnaire and taking interview of the respondents. In this study the researcher will collect both Qualitative and Quantitative primary data and explore the issues from two separate perspectives (Kothari and Garg, 2016). In order to collect primary quantitative data a set of closed ended questionnaire will be developed and circulated among the employees of the company. A sample size of 50 will be identified for the purpose of data accumulation. On the other hand another set of open ended questionnaire will be framed to conduct focus group among the managers. The open ended interview questions will offer scope of answering in detail and the participants will be free to respond and participate without any restrictions or compulsion (Jha, 2008). Secondary Data: The secondary data is however previously published that that were researched and published by other researchers on the same topic. The researcher conducts an empirical study on the topic from several scholarly sources, books, journals and research works published on the same topic. Most research works that are referred here are based on previously published research articles where primary information has been collected and evaluated for the purpose of better understanding. The articles will be studied extensively and a critical understanding of the topic shall be presented in a detailed manner (Crowther et al. 2009). Quantitative Data Analysis Process The Data Analysis process includes several steps such as inspecting, cleaning, transforming as well as modelling data so as to reach the goal in a defined way. The Quantitative Data analysis process includes an approach for collecting information in a numeric form. The main instrument of data collection here is questionnaire and then there are several steps that help in analysing quantitative data. The process then includes data cleaning, coding, presentation as well as interpretation of data and discussion of the same. Sampling Sampling technique is applied here in primary data collection to act as a guideline for data collection. There are different types of sampling techniques, namely Probability, Random and Non-Probability sampling technique. In this study the Random sampling approach shall be considered as random methods reduces scope of biasness and participants are selected on a random basis (Chandra and Sharma, 2013). Sampling size For the purpose of collecting primary data a sample size of 50 respondents shall be selected on a random basis to accumulate data through circulation of closed ended questionnaire. The employees from several offices shall be included to understand how far they benefited from the respective approach of cloud computing. In order to collect primary qualitative data a sample size of 5 managers will be selected to conduct focus group. Interview and Questionnaire Design The quantitative questionnaire for collecting primary data will be developed by following likert scale. This will be closed ended in nature and offer little scope for imagination. The questionnaire will be circulated on survey monkey and sent through mails so that participants could simply fill up the questionnaire and reply. The qualitative questions however will be open ended in nature and will be addressed to conduct interview session which will be recorded and interpreted later (Kothari and Garg, 2016). Reliability and Validity of Data This research here focuses completely on studying advantages of cloud computing on business management in Australia. The data collected are validated, as the secondary data collected are supported with names of the original authors in the Bibliography and in the primary data collection since the participants are not willing to share personal detail, only the company name and general details are mentioned (Crowther et al. 2009). Research Limitations The academic research is not free from limitations. Some of the common constraints in this research work are time, fund and resources. Since this is a student research work, the analyst is forced to complete an extensive study of professional nature within a short period. Besides this all students are expected to submit the research work within a deadline and complete within an allocated budget. These are few limitations which impact on the quality of the research work. Time Schedule (Research plan) Criteria Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Week 5 Week 6 Introduce to the topic on cloud computing and its importance in business Underpinning research objectives and hypothesis Collect secondary data from various academic sources Complete the Literature Review Identify research Methodology and select philosophy, approach, and research methods Accumulate primary data by circulating questionnaire Evaluate and interpret primary data Conclusion and Recommendation for future studies Conclusion Since impact of cloud computing leads to enhancement in performance of the company, irrespective of the size of magnitude of the organisation, companies today have focussed on including an IT department and make use of Cloud in the most effective way. Cloud computing nowadays is therefore bringing new tools as well as new perspectives of evolution for the company that is using it properly. Cloud computing is hence identified as a benefit especially for mid-level and small sized companies, as they can compete with bigger enterprises being armed with new options in data management and company easily saves money through cloud computing. It is cheaper than other companies. Reference List Avram, M. (2014). Advantages and Challenges of Adopting Cloud Computing from an Enterprise Perspective.Procedia Technology, 12, pp.529-534. Bhowmik, S. (2017).Cloud Computing. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Breeding, M. (2012).Cloud computing. London: Facet. Buyya, R., Vecchiola, C. and Selvi, S. (2013).Mastering cloud computing. Waltham, MA: Morgan Kaufmann. Chandra, S. and Sharma, M. (2013).Research methodology. Oxford: Alpha Science Internat. Cloud Computing and Its Advantages. (2016).International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), 5(6), pp.1821-1853. Crowther, D., Lancaster, G. and Lancaster, G. (2009). Research methods. Amsterdam: Butterworth-Heinemann. Jha, N. (2008). Research methodology. Chandigarh: Abhishek Publications. Kothari, C. and Garg, G. (2016).Research methodology. New Delhi: New Age International (P) Limeted. Lancaster, G. (2012). Research Methods. Taylor Francis. Saunders, M., Lewis, P. and Thornhill, A. (2003). Research methods for business students. Harlow, England: Prentice Hall. Velte, A., Velte, T. and Elsenpeter, R. (2010).Cloud computing. New York: McGraw-Hill. Williams, M. (2010).A quick start guide to cloud computing. London: Kogan Page.

Addictions Essays - Behavioral Addiction, Psychiatric Diagnosis

Addictions Physical and psychological addictions are very alike and very different at the same time. Addiction means that the person addicted thrives on the substance or action. Physical addictions like alcoholism and heroin are sometimes very noticeable yet, psychological addictions like gambling are very hard to diagnose. A similarity between the two types of addictions are the stages that lead up to a full blown addiction. Addictions go through many stages before reaching the pinnacle of an addiction. For example, a gambler will first start off betting a dollar, then two, then ten, then a hundred until finally the gambler is broke. An example for a physical addiction would be the stages that lead to becoming a true alcoholic. It will all start with one beer, , then Jell-O shooters, then a margarita, then just drinking liquor straight up out of the bottle, then who knows what the drinker will turn to next. After going through all of these stages the term used for the addiction is usually disease because the addiction is going to slowly kill the person addicted. Though the term addiction is usually thought of as someone on drugs or drinking, many normal everyday people are addicted to the one thing everyone has a little of everyday, caffeine. Caffeine is one of North America's leading addictions prevalent amongst teenagers. Caffeine is found in chocolate, soda, coffee, and tea. In conclusion, this shows that many things can become addictive. No matter what the addiction it is not good. If more people would realize this there would be less of an addiction crisis than there is today.

Free Essays on Offer And Acceptance

spoken or act done by the offeree or by his authorised agent which the law can regard as the communication of acceptance to the proposal. Acceptance can simply be defined as an act which completes the formation of the contract. It must be noted that both offer and acceptance must be made in clear terms, and there must exist the conformity, and continuity of the offer and acceptance. With more or less completeness of acceptance; that will suffice to preclude the party if the other requirements for an estoppel are satisfied In the case of Preston Corp Sdn Bhd v Edward Leong & Ors, an offer is defined as an animation of willingness by an offeror to enter into a legally binding contract. Its terms either expressly or impliedly must indicate that it is to become binding on the offeror as soon as it has been accepted by the offeree. In another case of Malaysian Flour Mills Bhd. V Saw Eng Chee & Anor It was held by the High Court that as the acceptor had added new terms to his acceptance, the acceptance was not valid as it is merely amounted to a counter-offer. From the case of Abdul Rashid Abdul Majid v Island Golf and Properties Sdn Bhd, the contract between the plaintiffs and the defendants was formed only when the plaintiff accepted the offer by making the ... Free Essays on Offer And Acceptance Free Essays on Offer And Acceptance OFFER AND ACCEPTANCE An offer can be defined as a definite promise to be bound provided that certain specified terms are accepted. The offeror must have completed his share in the formation of the contract by finally declaring his readiness to undertake an obligation upon certain conditions, leaving the offeree the option of accepting or refusal. Offer can also be seen as a promise by the offeror to do or to abstain from doing something; provided that the offeree will accept the offer and pay or promise to the price of the offer. Acceptance on the other hand is an intention by the offeree to accept that offer. There must be an external manifest to assent, some words spoken or act done by the offeree or by his authorised agent which the law can regard as the communication of acceptance to the proposal. Acceptance can simply be defined as an act which completes the formation of the contract. It must be noted that both offer and acceptance must be made in clear terms, and there must exist the conformity, and continuity of the offer and acceptance. With more or less completeness of acceptance; that will suffice to preclude the party if the other requirements for an estoppel are satisfied In the case of Preston Corp Sdn Bhd v Edward Leong & Ors, an offer is defined as an animation of willingness by an offeror to enter into a legally binding contract. Its terms either expressly or impliedly must indicate that it is to become binding on the offeror as soon as it has been accepted by the offeree. In another case of Malaysian Flour Mills Bhd. V Saw Eng Chee & Anor It was held by the High Court that as the acceptor had added new terms to his acceptance, the acceptance was not valid as it is merely amounted to a counter-offer. From the case of Abdul Rashid Abdul Majid v Island Golf and Properties Sdn Bhd, the contract between the plaintiffs and the defendants was formed only when the plaintiff accepted the offer by making the ...

Conventional PCR using agarose gel electrophoresis detection Essay

Conventional PCR using agarose gel electrophoresis detection - Essay Example While addition of gel, the care for the percentage of it has to be taken as â€Å"a 0.7% gel will show good separation (resolution) of large DNA fragments (5–10kb) and a 2% gel will show good resolution for small fragments (0.2–1kb).† So, the percentage of the gel is kept between 0.7% to 2%. With intention to separate very tiny fragments, addition of high percentage ( up to 3%), is not useful as a vertical polyacrylamide gel is more appropriate in this case. The medium percentage is always recommended as low percentage gel may break while trying to lift them and high percentage gels may often brittle not setting evenly. Lewis recommends 1% gel to use. While suggesting for gel tank Lewis recommends, â€Å"Small 8x10cm gels (minigels) are very popular and give good photographs.† For the applications of Southern and Northern blotting, larger gels are used. 30–50mL and 205 mL of agarose is required for minigel and larger gel respectively. While deciding the amount of DNA to be added to this solution, the nature of analysis has to be kept in mind. According to Lewis â€Å"Typically, a band is easily visible if it contains about 20ng of DNA.† After doing all the above preparation Lewis says, â€Å"I usually digest and load 2–4 µL of the 50 µL obtained from a kit miniprep. But you see how it depends on the number and size of the bands expected. For PCR reactions, it depends on the PCR but in routine applications 10–20 µL should be plenty to see the product on the gel.† Depending on the volume of DNA being loaded and the number of samples, the design of comb is decided to include in the process. Lewis recommends, â€Å"Combs with many tiny teeth may hold 10 µL. This is no good if you want to load 20 µL of restriction digest plus 5 µL of loading buffer. When deciding whether a comb has enough teeth, remember that you need to load at least one marker lane, preferably two.† After

Influence of Cold War on Development i the Third World Essay

Influence of Cold War on Development i the Third World - Essay Example Third world countries adopted capitalist economy that has hindered their developments in many ways. Considering the level of human interference such as government regulations, selfish interests and communism policies can be claimed to have hindered development. Permanent economic forces such as the forces of demand, supply, unemployment, and inflation have been consistently applied in academic teachings where the forces are traced into a perfect self-balance in the free market economies. Unlike the free market economies that could have enabled third world countries to improve their economic prosperity through the self-balancing forces, the capitalist economies have continually had effective development. The forces of unemployment have driven most third world countries into underutilization of resources that could have been effectively used to advance economic developments into industrialization and self-sufficiency among the states. Moreover, third world countries continue to become under-developed due to lack of balance of the controlled and government regulated markets (Arnold Harberger, 1998, p50-54) The ideologies of capitalist states that spilled over into the third world countries have resulted in ownership of the biggest percentage of states resources by a few individuals, while the majority of the population continue to languished in poverty. The ideological frameworks have led into high level of inequality among people, since land and asset owners have accumulated wealth from the middle class and forced them into poverty. A good example of the capitalists market is Chile, which has experienced societal war of the middle class and the poor against the rich. Indeed, forty-five percent of the population was below the poverty line while ten percent of the population increased their income by eighty three percent since the introduction of the capitalist rule (Eduardo Galeano, 1983, p86). Geo-Political Framework It is believed that third world countries have remained underdeveloped due to domination of political framework where the society is forced into accepting the non-communi st system of governance and economic strategy. The systems of communism where people exist freely without being restricted and operating in free markets were barred by dictatorial rule. According to Garner (N.d), this kind of dictatorial rule seeks to manifest its ideologies and establish itself at the expense of the welfare of the society that has utilized liberal ideologies to build itself and live in harmony. The story of the three little pigs that built their houses with liberal ideas and freedom of choice represents the free market economy where democracy exists. This kind of ideology is what the third world countries need to protect against the ‘Wolf and its imperialist rule’ to achieve development and industrialization. This kind of government often faces a threat of revolution among members of the society. The Nicaraguan case is viewed as a social movement towards revolution against the imperialist ideological rule that has degraded humanity in poverty and despe ration (Ross and Levy, N.d, 410). Dictatorial rule was seen to subject citizens who were against this kind of rule to torture and even death. Citizens who were seen to have ideologies that were contrary to the system of